PSYCHOLOGY200 a True b False 7 Multiple Choice 1 The abstinence violation effect refers to a

There is a large literature on self-efficacy and its predictive relation to relapse or the maintenance of abstinence. In addition to this, booster sessions over at least a 12 month period are advisable to ensure that a safety net is available since gamblers are renown for not recontacting sufficiently hastily when difficulties arise. Recontact contracts can also be useful where it is agreed in advance what the criterion will be for a time where a gambler should recontact the therapist. The guiding strategy here is to ensure that gamblers learn to cope with minor setbacks on their own but are able to recognise more major setbacks before they become fully blown relapses. A verbal or written contract will increase the chance that gamblers will recontact at an appropriate stage and therefore minimise the likelihood of a full blown relapse.

• How willpower works seems to vary on our motivations for using it.
• Although there is some debate about the best definitions of lapse and relapse from theoretical and conceptual levels, these definitions should suffice.
• He was hoping that he could get back together with her, but realized that this was impossible.
• Therapists also can enhance self-efficacy by providing clients with feedback concerning their performance on other new tasks, even those that appear unrelated to alcohol use.

The AVE occurs when a client is in a high-risk situation and views the potential lapse as so severe, that he or she may as well relapse. The client and therapist will practice identifying https://ecosoberhouse.com/ and coping with lapses. The treatment is not lapse prevention; lapses are to be expected, planned for, and taken as opportunities for the client to demonstrate learning.

11.4.2 Cognitive Behavioral Models

The article also presents studies that have provided support for the validity of the RP model. The revised dynamic model of relapse also takes into account the timing and interrelatedness of risk factors, as well as provides for feedback between lower- and higher-level components of the model. For example, based on the dynamic model it is hypothesized that changes in one risk factor (e.g. negative affect) influences changes in drinking behavior and that changes in drinking also influences changes in the risk factors.

Positive expectancies regarding alcohol’s effects often are based on myths or placebo effects of alcohol (i.e., effects that occur because the drinker expects them to, not because alcohol causes the appropriate physiological changes). Subsequently, the therapist can address each expectancy, using cognitive restructuring (which is discussed later in this section) and education about research findings. The therapist also can use examples from the client’s own experience to dispel myths and encourage the client to consider both the immediate and the delayed consequences of drinking. Although the RP model considers the high-risk situation the immediate relapse trigger, it is actually the person’s response to the situation that determines whether he or she will experience a lapse (i.e., begin using alcohol). A person’s coping behavior in a high-risk situation is a particularly critical determinant of the likely outcome. Thus, a person who can execute effective coping strategies (e.g., a behavioral strategy, such as leaving the situation, or a cognitive strategy, such as positive self-talk) is less likely to relapse compared with a person lacking those skills.

How Does The Abstinence Violation Effect Occur?

A possible explanation for these differences is that health practitioners base their knowledge on their experience with many clients, and therefore generate and rate statements based on the average person (seeing ‘the bigger picture’). The persons who regained weight may have generated and rated statements based on their own experiences, leaving more room for diversity. This emphasizes the importance of including multiple stakeholders to gather diverse abstinence violation effect views and form a more complete picture. Furthermore, results show that both stakeholder groups predominantly rate individual factors as most important perceived predictors of relapse. However, previous research indicates that environmental factors, such as a tempting environment, also influence relapse (Roordink et al., 2021). It is possible that individuals do not know or like to admit they are being influenced by their social or physical environment.

Starting from the point of confronting and recognizing a high-risk situation, Marlatt’s model illustrates that the individual will deal with the situation with either an effective or ineffective coping response. Effective coping skills can lead to increased self-efficacy, and a decreased probability of a lapse. However, if one lacks skills, then the model predicts a decrease in self-efficacy and an increase in positive outcome expectancies for the effects of using the substance. This is a likely predecessor of giving into temptation in the initial use of a substance. Despite precautions and preparations, many clients committed to abstinence will experience a lapse after initiating abstinence.